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What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?

Depersonalization/derealization disorder is a condition where the individual experiences persistent or recurrent episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both. During these episodes, the individual feels completely detached from their own being. The average age of onset of the disorder is 16 years.

What does depersonalization/derealization disorder look like?

Risk Factors/Pathophysiology

  • Severe stress
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Substance use - tetrahydrocannabinol, hallucinogens, ketamine, MDMA, salvia

Differential Diagnosis

  • Illness anxiety disorder
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • Other dissociative disorders
  • Anxiety disorders (especially panic attacks)
  • Psychotic disorders
  • Substance/medication-induced disorders

How is depersonalization/derealization disorder investigated?

Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES)

  • Client rater
  • 28-item self-report questionnaire to measure dissociation

References

[1] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA.

[2] Boyd, M. A. (2019). Psychiatric & mental health nursing for Canadian practice. Wolters Kluwer.

[3] Townsend, M. C. (2015). Psychiatric mental health nursing. F.A. Davis.