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What is trichotillomania?

Trichotillomania, also known as hair-pulling disorder, is characterized by the recurrent, irresistible urge to pull out one's hair to the degree that it results in hair loss. It is prevalent in 1-2% of the general population and affects women significantly more than men, at a 10:1 ratio.

What does trichotillomania look like?

Risk Factors

  • More common in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Prognosis

  • Onset usually coincides with or follows the onset of puberty
  • In women, symptoms may worsen with hormonal changes
  • There may be irreversible hair loss

Differential Diagnosis

  • Normative hair removal/manipulation
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • Body-focused repetitive behavior disorder
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Tics/tic disorder
  • Psychotic disorders
  • Another medical condition
  • Substance-related disorders

How is trichotillomania investigated?

  • Skin biopsy and dermoscopy to differentiate between trichotillomania and other causes of alopecia

Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale

  • Client rater
  • 7-item self-report scale for assessing repetitive hair pulling

Psychiatric Institute Trichotillomania Scale (PITS)

  • Clinician rater
  • 6-item rated interview for hair pulling behaviors

The Trichotillomania Scale for Children

  • Clinician/Client
  • 12-item scale with 2 sub-scale that can be completed by children and/or their parents

NIMH Trichotillomania Severity/Impairment Scale

  • Clinician rater
  • Single 0-10 rating of impairment for hair pulling behaviors

How is trichotillomania treated?

  • Clomipramine
  • Antipsychotics
  • N-acetylcysteine
  • Naltrexone

Nursing Management

See nursing management for obsessive-compulsive disorder.


References

[1] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA.

[2] Boyd, M. A. (2019). Psychiatric & mental health nursing for Canadian practice. Wolters Kluwer.

[3] Townsend, M. C. (2015). Psychiatric mental health nursing. F.A. Davis.