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What is trichotillomania?
Trichotillomania, also known as hair-pulling disorder, is characterized by the recurrent, irresistible urge to pull out one's hair to the degree that it results in hair loss. It is prevalent in 1-2% of the general population and affects women significantly more than men, at a 10:1 ratio.
What does trichotillomania look like?
Risk Factors
- More common in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Prognosis
- Onset usually coincides with or follows the onset of puberty
- In women, symptoms may worsen with hormonal changes
- There may be irreversible hair loss
Differential Diagnosis
- Normative hair removal/manipulation
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Body-focused repetitive behavior disorder
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tics/tic disorder
- Psychotic disorders
- Another medical condition
- Substance-related disorders
How is trichotillomania investigated?
- Skin biopsy and dermoscopy to differentiate between trichotillomania and other causes of alopecia
Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale
- Client rater
- 7-item self-report scale for assessing repetitive hair pulling
Psychiatric Institute Trichotillomania Scale (PITS)
- Clinician rater
- 6-item rated interview for hair pulling behaviors
The Trichotillomania Scale for Children
- Clinician/Client
- 12-item scale with 2 sub-scale that can be completed by children and/or their parents
NIMH Trichotillomania Severity/Impairment Scale
- Clinician rater
- Single 0-10 rating of impairment for hair pulling behaviors
How is trichotillomania treated?
- Clomipramine
- Antipsychotics
- N-acetylcysteine
- Naltrexone
Nursing Management
See nursing management for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
References
[1] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA.
[2] Boyd, M. A. (2019). Psychiatric & mental health nursing for Canadian practice. Wolters Kluwer.
[3] Townsend, M. C. (2015). Psychiatric mental health nursing. F.A. Davis.